Discover Hiking Trails Across America

The 10 essentials are: (1) navigation (map and compass or GPS), (2) sun protection (sunscreen, hat, sunglasses), (3) insulation (extra layers), (4) illumination (headlamp with extra batteries), (5) first-aid supplies, (6) fire starter, (7) repair tools and knife, (8) nutrition (extra food), (9) hydration (extra water and purification), and (10) emergency shelter (space blanket or bivy). These items can save your life in an emergency.

Day hiking on most established trails in national parks does not require a permit, though you will need to pay the park entrance fee ($30-$35 per vehicle at most parks). However, popular trails like Half Dome in Yosemite and Angels Landing in Zion require advance permits due to high demand. Overnight backcountry camping nearly always requires a wilderness permit.

A general rule is to carry at least half a liter (about 17 ounces) per hour of moderate hiking. In hot weather or at high elevations, plan for up to one liter per hour. For a full-day hike, start with 2-3 liters minimum and bring a water filter or purification tablets if you can refill from streams along the way.

The ideal hiking season varies by region. In the western mountains (Rockies, Sierra Nevada, Cascades), trails are typically accessible from June through October once snow melts. Desert areas like the Southwest are best from October through April to avoid extreme heat. The East Coast and Southeast offer year-round hiking with peak fall foliage in September-October.

Start with shorter trails (2-4 miles round trip) with minimal elevation gain (under 500 feet). Look for well-marked, well-maintained trails rated as "easy" on trail databases. National park visitor center staff can recommend beginner-friendly trails. Nature trails and interpretive walks are great starting points. Build up distance and elevation gradually as your fitness improves.

Give all wildlife plenty of space (at least 100 yards for bears and wolves, 25 yards for other animals). Never approach, feed, or follow wildlife. If you encounter a bear, speak calmly, back away slowly, and do not run. Carry bear spray in bear country and know how to use it. Make noise while hiking to avoid surprising animals. Store food properly at camp using bear canisters or hanging bags.